Signal Processing Concepts and Engineering Insights. 


Explore signal processing concepts, algorithm comparisons, and practical engineering insights.
Topics include FFT vs STFT, FRF analysis, filtering techniques, and other signal processing methods used in real engineering workflows. 

Advanced Analysis & ApplicationsHilbert Transform Explained: From Theory to Application

Hilbert Transform Explained: From Theory to Application

The Hilbert transform is a powerful tool used to construct the analytic signal and extract envelope and phase information.

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Mathematical Definition

The Hilbert transform of x(t) is

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In the frequency domain

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Key Property

  • Keeps magnitude unchanged
  • Positive frequencies are shifted by −90°
  • Negative frequencies are shifted by +90° 


Analytic Signal

analytic function This allows extraction of

  • Amplitude
  • Instantaneous phase


Applications

  • AM demodulation
  • Envelope(amplitude) detection
  • Instantaneous frequency estimation

AM signal and its Envelope curveAM signal and its Envelope


Instantaneous frequency analysis of up-chirp signalinstantaneous frequency estimation of up-chirp signal


Key Insight

Hilbert Transform converts a real signal into a complex analytic signal. This enables Amplitude, Phase, Frequency to be defined instantaneously.


Suggested Further Reading